On Wednesday, June 18, 2025, Youssef Ahmed Al-Hajji, from the village of Al-Amiyah in the eastern Hama countryside, was killed and two others were injured with varying degrees of severity when a landmine exploded while they were on agricultural land in the village of Ethriya in the eastern Hama countryside.
According to what the Syrian Network for Human Rights documented from reliable local sources, the mine exploded in the village’s agricultural land while Youssef and a number of men were present, killing Youssef and injuring two others. This area is among those that have witnessed changes in control between the parties to the conflict, making determining who planted the mine extremely complex.
Legal Conclusions
- The mine explosion that killed civilian Yousef Al-Hajji and injured two others while they were engaged in a peaceful civilian activity (working on agricultural land) is an example of how the effects of conflict continue to threaten the lives of civilians.
- The continued presence of landmines in populated areas or close to civilian activity, without clearing them or warning the population of their presence, constitutes a violation of positive protection obligations under international humanitarian law, particularly Article 10 of the Amended Protocol to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) on Mines, Booby-Traps, and Improvised Explosive Devices.
- The failure of the controlling parties to provide mine maps or place clear warning signs exposes civilians to death or injury and constitutes a violation of the principle of the duty to warn and inform stipulated in international humanitarian law.
- The inability to identify the party that planted the mine raises the issue of impunity, which requires an independent investigation and underscores the need for comprehensive documentation of remnants of war and contamination sites to avoid recurring incidents.
- The continued presence of mines in civilian areas constitutes a threat to the right to life and physical integrity.
Recommendations by SNHR
- Open an urgent investigation into the incident to determine which parties to the conflict planted mines in the area and hold the responsible party legally responsible for negligence or deliberate action.
- Accelerate land mine clearance operations, particularly in agricultural and pastoral areas close to population centers, in cooperation with international organizations such as the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, and the Syrian Civil Defense.
- Prepare comprehensive and updated maps of mines and explosive remnants of war and disseminate them at the local level, with clear warning signs in all suspected areas, particularly those under the effective control of forces on the ground.
- Implement comprehensive local awareness campaigns targeting residents of rural areas and camps on the dangers of mines and how to identify and avoid them, in cooperation with civil society organizations.
- Provide direct support to the families of victims through urgent financial compensation, psychosocial support, and inclusion in programs to assist victims of explosive remnants of war.
